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Lang & Schwarz Aktiengesellschaft, established in 1996 and headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany, operates in the financial services sector, focusing on the development and issuance of derivative financial instruments. The company offers a platform for over-the-counter trading, enabling clients to trade shares, funds, bonds, and exchange-traded products, alongside its proprietary products. Additionally, it manages the LS Exchange, an electronic trading system, and provides IT support, including maintenance of technical trading venue connections and hardware and software services. Through its subsidiary, Lang & Schwarz TradeCenter AG & Co. KG, the company serves as a market maker on various exchanges, including XETRA, LS Exchange, the Vienna Stock Exchange, the Stuttgart Stock Exchange, and BX Swiss. This extensive market-making role, combined with its broad product offerings and technological capabilities, positions Lang & Schwarz as a significant participant in the German financial markets.

Berkshire Hathaway is a holding company with a wide array of subsidiaries engaged in diverse activities. The firm's core business segment is insurance, run primarily through Geico, Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group, and Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group. Berkshire has used the excess cash thrown off from its operations to acquire Burlington Northern Santa Fe (railroad), Berkshire Hathaway Energy (utilities and energy distributors), and the companies that make up its manufacturing, service, and retailing operations (which include Precision Castparts, Lubrizol, Clayton Homes, Marmon, and IMC/ISCAR). The conglomerate is unique in that it is run on a completely decentralized basis.