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UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish company operating primarily in the bio and forest industry. It focuses on six business areas: UPM Fibres, UPM Energy, UPM Raflatac, UPM Specialty Papers, UPM Communication Papers, and UPM Plywood. Founded in 1996 through the merger of Kymmene Corporation and Repola Ltd, UPM has its headquarters in Helsinki, Finland. The company leverages a global production and distribution network, though it maintains a significant presence in the Nordic countries. UPM emphasizes sustainable practices and innovation in bio-based materials, positioning itself strategically in bio-economy initiatives.

BHP is a global diversified miner mainly supplying iron ore and copper. The merger of BHP Limited and Billiton PLC created the present-day BHP Group. The dual-listed structure from the 2001 BHP and Billiton merger was collapsed in 2022. Major assets include Pilbara iron ore and Escondida copper. Onshore US oil and gas assets were sold in 2018, and the remaining petroleum assets were spun off and merged with Woodside in 2022, with BHP vesting the Woodside shares it received to BHP shareholders. It purchased copper miner Oz Minerals in fiscal 2023 and half of the Vicuña copper joint venture in fiscal 2025. It is entering the potash market through the development of its Jansen project in Canada. However, due to low prices, BHP placed its nickel business on care and maintenance in 2024.