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Valero Energy is one of the largest independent refiners in the United States. It operates 15 refineries, with a total throughput capacity of 3.2 million barrels a day in the US, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Valero also owns 12 ethanol plants with capacity of 1.6 billion gallons a year and holds a 50% stake in Diamond Green Diesel, which can produce 1.2 billion gallons per year of renewable diesel.

Shell is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2025, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 7.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At end-2025, reserves stood at 8.1 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 44% of which consisted of liquids. Its production and reserves are in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and North and South America. The company operates refineries with a capacity of 1.4 mmb/d located in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, and sells about 9 million tons per year of chemicals. Its largest chemical plants, often integrated with its local refineries, are in NorthWestern Europe, China, and North America.