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AFYREN SAS, established in 2012 and headquartered in Clermont-Ferrand, France, specializes in green chemistry by producing biobased, low-carbon products through proprietary fermentation technology. The company offers a range of seven organic acids—acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric, and caproic acids—derived from non-food biomass, serving industries such as human and animal nutrition, lubricants, flavors and fragrances, and life sciences. AFYREN's first industrial-scale plant, AFYREN NEOXY, is located in Carling Saint-Avold, France, and operates under a joint venture with Bpifrance's SPI fund. The company's strategic positioning emphasizes sustainability and circular economy principles, aiming to reduce reliance on petroleum-based products by utilizing environmentally friendly processes that leverage natural microorganisms.

Linde is the largest industrial gas supplier in the world, with operations in over 100 countries. The firm's main products are atmospheric gases (including oxygen, nitrogen, and argon) and process gases (including hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and helium), as well as equipment used in industrial gas production. Linde serves a wide variety of end markets, including chemicals, manufacturing, healthcare, and steelmaking. Linde generated approximately $34 billion in revenue in 2025.