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Novartis AG is a global healthcare company based in Switzerland, specializing in the research, development, manufacturing, and marketing of a broad range of pharmaceutical products. The company's core business is centered around patented prescription medicines in areas such as oncology, cardiovascular, immunology, neuroscience, and ophthalmology. Formed in 1996 from the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, Novartis operates in over 150 countries worldwide. Its strategic positioning is reinforced by significant investments in research and development, supporting a robust pipeline of innovative therapies. The company is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, and emphasizes its competitive strength through advanced research capabilities and a diverse product portfolio.

AbbVie is a pharmaceutical firm with a strong exposure to immunology (with Humira, Skyrizi, and Rinvoq) and oncology (with Imbruvica and Venclexta). The company was spun off from Abbott in early 2013. The 2020 acquisition of Allergan added several new products and drugs in aesthetics, including Botox. The 2024 acquisitions of Cerevel (neuroscience) and ImmunoGen (oncology) help supplement AbbVie's portfolio.