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Dow is one of the largest plastics and chemicals producers in the world, ranking in the top five for upstream plastics production, such as polyethylene, or PE, and polypropylene, or PP. It has three reportable segments: packaging and specialty plastics (P&SP), industrial intermediates and infrastructure (II&I), and performance materials and coatings (PM&C). The company traces its roots to 1897 with the founding of the Dow Chemical Company. After a long history of chemical production, Dow strategically merged with DuPont in 2017. In 2019, Dow, DuPont, and Corteva were split to enhance operational focus on the assets of the chemical conglomerate.

Linde is the largest industrial gas supplier in the world, with operations in over 100 countries. The firm's main products are atmospheric gases (including oxygen, nitrogen, and argon) and process gases (including hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and helium), as well as equipment used in industrial gas production. Linde serves a wide variety of end markets, including chemicals, manufacturing, healthcare, and steelmaking. Linde generated approximately $34 billion in revenue in 2025.