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YPF SA is an Argentina-based integrated oil and gas company. The company operates through four business segments: Upstream, Midstream and Downstream, LNG and Integrated Gas, and New Energies. The Upstream segment focuses on the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas. The Midstream and Downstream segment includes refining, transportation, and commercialization of crude oil, refined, and petrochemical products. The LNG and Integrated Gas segment is involved in natural gas transportation, processing, storage, and commercialization. The New Energies segment focuses on energy transition initiatives, including natural gas distribution, power generation, renewable energy, and related technology development. It generates majority of revenue from Midstream and Downstream segment.

Shell is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2023, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 7.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At end-2023, reserves stood at 9.6 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 49% of which, consisted of liquids. Its production and reserves are in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and North and South America. The company operates refineries with capacity of 1.6 mmb/d located in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Europe and sells about 12 million tons per year of chemicals. Its largest chemical plants, often integrated with its local refineries, are in Central Europe, China, Singapore, and North America.