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ASM International is a company involved in the development and manufacturing of equipment and materials used in semiconductor processes, primarily within the electronics industry. Headquartered in Almere, Netherlands, the company focuses on providing wafer processing technologies for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. It offers products for atomic layer deposition, epitaxy, and chemical vapor deposition, which are crucial for producing advanced semiconductor devices. Founded in 1968, ASM International has established a significant global presence, with operations across Europe, Asia, and the United States. Its strategic positioning is strengthened by its emphasis on innovation in semiconductor equipment, enabling advanced technology node development.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. is the world's largest dedicated chip foundry, with about 70% market share in 2025. TSMC was founded in 1987 as a joint venture of Philips, the government of Taiwan, and private investors. It went public in Taiwan in 1994 and as an ADR in the US in 1997. TSMC's scale and high-quality technology allow the firm to generate solid operating margins, even in the highly competitive foundry business. Furthermore, the shift to the fabless business model has created tailwinds for TSMC. The foundry leader has an illustrious base of customers, including Apple, AMD, and Nvidia, that look to apply its cutting-edge process technologies to their semiconductor designs. TSMC employs more than 83,000 people.